高速列車初始班表衝突解決之研究

A Study to Solve the Conflicts in the Initial Timetables of High Speed Train

為了避免發生對撞，高速鐵路系統總是採雙軌建設。在單一停站方式之營運上，只需在安全隔離下指派列車即可解決衝突問題；但是在多種停站方式上，單是在初始班表中，列車的衝突問題就已經相當的複雜。傳統上，列車的排班方法，係先決定初始班表，然後再逐一排除初始班表內的衝突問題，以確定班表在營運上的安全。初始班表中包括了各型停站列車的行進計畫，因為列車採多種停站營運，所以衝突也就難以避免，而愈複雜的停站組合，列車衝突也就愈多。此一課題對於未來臺灣高速鐵路的營運將會是一大挑戰。為了解決此一問題，本研究構建了三個模擬模式，用於偵測並調整初始班表中的列車衝突問題，這三個模式分別採用了直達列車優先通行法、列車安全間隔法及條件等停法等三種衝突解決方式，三個模式並以臺灣高速鐵路南北雙向系統規劃資料進行模式測試，結果顯示三種方法中直達列車優先通行模式將使多停站列車耗費過多的站間等候時間；安全間隔模式將使系統路線容量降低；條件等停模式則較能夠在前述兩種方法中取得折衷結果。

To avoid colliding against, the high-speed railways are alwaysconstructed in double lines. In the operation of single-stopping pattern, theoperators just need to dispatch trains in the safe headway. But in the patternof multi-stops, the operation is rather complicated in the initial timetables.Traditionally, the initial tables are decided first in the process oftimetabling and then the solving of conflicts are made to ensure the safety ofoperation. The initial timetables include the plans to run all trains stoppingin different patterns. Because the operation is the pattern of multi-stops, theconflicts among trains are inevitable. The more complicated in the mixture ofstopping pattern the more numbers of conflicts are. The issue will be achallenge to the operation of Taiwan High Speed Railway. To solve the problem,we constructed three simulation models to detect and solve the conflicts in theinitial timetables. The approaches employed in the models were expresspreempting, safe separating and conditional waiting. Three models were alsotested by the planning data of Taiwan High Speed Rail. The results showed thatexpress preempting would result in much more waiting time to more-stop trains.Safe separating would reduce the effective capacity of line. Conditional waitingcould get an eclectic result between both approaches cited above.