亞太港埠競爭力與核心能力指標之研究

Indexes of Competitive Power and Core Competence in Selecting Asia-Pacific Ports

本文參考多位競爭力與核心能力研究學者之文獻，並整理研究出資源、核心如能、價值知覺、與組織運作等四者形成之競爭力與核心能力架構；亦即企業競爭力與核心能力之根源，在於投入(資源)、核心知能，並通過價值知覺(品質與服務知覺)，以及適度的組織運作才能形成產出(競爭優勢)。而透過此資源、核心知能、價值知覺、與組織運作等構面，以亞太各主要競爭港為目標港口，針對主要貨櫃與散裝航商發出專家問卷，並以模糊捷、菲法進行實證研究分析，結果在分析貨櫃作業產品之競爭力與核心能力上，專家共識認為重要程度80%以土者共獲50項指標，而專家共識認為重要程度90%以上者共獲得19項指標；其次，在散裝作業產品之競爭力與核心能力上，在專家共識認為重要程度80%以上者共獲得36項指標，而在專家共識認為重要程度90%以上者共獲得8項指標。而依據共識認為重要程度之指標，配合航商專家認為在此指標下最具競爭力之港口進行分析可得知，無論在貨櫃或散裝作業產品上，高雄港在基礎建設上最具競爭力；香港在調整組織與運作流程處於最具競爭力；新加坡港在資本形成與投入、資料庫與聲譽、人力資源、素質與市場、技術環境、管理能力、政府政策效率、品質知覺、服務知覺上最具競爭力。

This research constructs the competitive power and core competence framework by resources, core skills, value perceptions, and organization operations referredfrom related papers. That is, the natives of business competitive power and core competence are based on the inputs (resources) and core skills. Meanwhile, the business to form products (competitive advantages) is by the value perceptions (including quality and service) and the proper organization operation. Selecting Asia-Pacific ports as examples, we executed the questionnaire for container and bulk shipping companies, and then did the practical analysis by the fuzzy-Delphi method. The results are as followings: In the competitive power and core competence of a container operation product, there are 50 indexes with 80% importance and 19 indexes with 90% importance. 1n the competitive power and core competence of a bulk operation product, there are 36 indexes with 80% importance and 8 indexes with 90% importance. We analyzed the container and bulk operation products by combining the importance indexes with the best performance of port under those ind indexes. The most competitive item of port of Kaoshiung is the infrastructure of the port. The most competitive item of port of Hong Kong is in the adjusting organization and operating flow. The most competitive items of port of Singapore are the capital formation and input, database and reputation, human resource and market, technical environment, management ability, efficiency of government policy, quality perception and service perception.