國內航空業解除管制後個別航空公司管理結構對整體營運績效之影響

The Impact of Carrier's Managerial Structure On Total Operating Performance After Domestic Airline Deregulation

自民國七十六年之開放天空政策實施以來，放寬新業者加入、增闢新航線、及允許業者實施彈性票價，使國內航空業之市場逐漸趨於競爭的型態。航空業者在此一政策的衝擊下，莫不致力於研擬有效之營運策略與改革方案，以促使資源有效利用，提升公司的整體營運績效。由於主管人員及管理結構位屬企業的核心地位。掌控企業的策略走向及監督所屬員工，故本研究企圖探討公司之主管人員、管理結構與其整體營運績效之間的關係，及了解其對整體營運績效的影響程度、本研究將所要探討之變數區分為核心主管特性、控制結構、企業股權結構及其它四類外生變數、內生營運變數以及整體營運績效變數三大類，以各公司民國77年至83年之經緯資料(Pane ldata)建立迴歸模式，並以兩階段最小平方法(2SLS)加以校估。實証分析之主要結論如下：（1）核心主管(CEO)的年齡、教有程度及任職時間透過對債權比率的適當控制而對整體營運績效呈正面的影響效果；（2）核心主管雙元性對純益率、投資報酬率及經營比率三個整體營運績效指標顯示會產生負面的影響；（3）由於需求量大幅成長，各業者都在擴充階段，因而員工規模及飛行班次的增加，對整體營運績效均呈正面效果。

Since the announcement of the "Open Air Policy" in 1987, the domesticairline industry has rapidly boomed with new airlines established, new airroutes opened, and the flexibility of ticket pricing stimulating keencompetition in the airline market. Under the impact of the new policy, domesticcarriers have tried to adjust their operating strategies to improve efficiencyand to increase total operating performance. Because the CEO strongly influencesa company operating strategy, this study aims to analyze the relationships amonga carrier managerial structure, managerial effectiveness and total operatingperformance.We use four types of exogenous variables (managerial characteristics,administrative structure, stock holding structure, and other exogenous variables) along with endogenous operating characteristics variables to measure a carriertotal operating performance. Regression models are applied in the analysis basedon carrier panel data. The major findings include: (l ) The Chairman and CEOage, education level, and tenure in the company all have positive effects onoperating performance； (2) Individuals holding multiple positions of chairman,chief executive officer, and/or president has a negative effect； and (3 )Increasing numbers of labors and departures flight will increase the totalperformances.