均質環境下城際國道客運服務策略之最佳化分析

Analytic Optimization of Intercity Bus Service Strategies in Homogeneous Environments

過去有關大眾運輸系統最佳化研究，多以都市地為對象，較少城際客運的探討。本文採分析性方法，構建一個可分析均質環境下的國道巴士客運最佳化模式。在路線設計方面，本文共規劃出直達型、接駁型、轉運型、接轉型國道路線及地方巴士接駁路線等五種營運路，再根據可能的路線組合，提出直達、接駁、轉運、接轉等四個營運方案供作比較。在考慮車輛容量限制的前提下，以業者營運成本與乘客時間成本最小化為目標，求解各種路線型態的最適車輛容量營運班距，以獲得各方案之最佳化結果。由系統參數值的敏感度分析可知，轉運中心或接駁站較適於旅次需求少且分散的營運環境，而需求量較大的旅次起迄點之間仍以提供直達路線服務為佳。

Previous studies of bus transit optimization have focused much more onurban systems than the intercity cases. This paper attempts to develop ananalytic optimization model of intercity bus services in homogeneous environments. Five types of bus routes are planned and four operational strategies areanalyzed: (1) direct services, (2) incorporating feeder bus routes, (3)incorporating a transfer center and (4) incorporating both feeder routes andtansfer center. To optimize each stragegy, the optimal vehicle sizes andheadways for various bus routes are solved by minimizing the sum of busoperating costs and passenger time costs. Sensitivity analysis is performed toevaluate the suitablity of these strategies. The results show that incorporatingfeeder stations or a trasfer center has cost saving potential in an environmentof less-intersive and diversified trip demands. Direct services are moresuuitable for city-pairs with intensive demands.