電子票證系統對公車乘客服務時間影響之評估研究

Effects of Electronic Fare Collection Systems on Bus Passenger Service Time

本研究針對電子票證系統實施對公車乘客服務時間之影響進行評估。研究中首先分析電子票證設置對於乘客上下車行為之影響因子，其次針對臺北市公車所實施的磁卡式電子票證系統進行分析，並應用乘客驗票過程之分析模式，評估電子票證系統對公車乘客「驗票」與「延滯」時間之影響，研究中亦比較分析不同改善方案的效益。經由本研究之調查與分析結果顯示：現行投幣方式與電子票證之平均驗票時間分別為0.67秒及4.10秒。在不同的驗票過程下，電子票證實施後，將使乘客平均之下車時間皆高於原本投幣方式之延滯時間達2.6倍以上。而就短期而言，「減少驗票機列印次數」與「學生使用通行證」之改善方案，將可增加電子票證之績效達30％以上；就長期改善驗票機的設計以及引進無接觸式的電子票證系統，將可增加績效達90％。本研究之分析結果，可作為政府或營運機構在改進或研訂公車及大眾運輸電子票證系統相關政策與方案之參考。

This study aims to assess the effects of bus electronic fare collectionsystem on passenger service time. Characteristics and validation process of buspassenger alighting are analyzed. Field survey is conducted to compare thecurrent practice of cash system and the magnetic ticket and electronic farecollection system tested in Taipei. It is shown that the average validationtimes for the cash and the electronic fare systems are 0.67 and 4.10 seconds,respectively. It is also indicated that the average alighting times for theelectronic system under various conditions are significantly higher. Severalimprovement alternatives are evaluated. For the short run, reducing thefrequency of printing information on the ticket and integrating student passwith the electronic system are preferable and can improve the system efficiencyup to 30%. It is also suggested for the long run that contactless farecollection system should be considered to improve the system efficiency up 90%.The results obtained in this research can provide government and transitoperators useful information for formulating implementation policy of electronicticketing system.