大學設計專業浸潤原住民部落的路徑分析：以阿里山來吉部落的社會實踐為例

The Path Analysis of University Design Majors Infiltrating Indigenous Tribe: A Case Study of Social Practice in Laiji Tribe in Alishan Township

大學以社會實踐帶領學生走出學術象牙塔，走入社區面對真實的社會，思考「如何協助解決社會問題」，期許以大學專業知識和地方知識的相互轉譯、對話，並共同建構出「新的」知識。本研究以2006年起開始陪伴來吉部落的歷程，分析從多年持續的「短期工作坊與專題設計」，到「長駐或常訪之田野行動」，及擴大參與的教育部大學社會責任實踐計畫的「具期程性與目的性之多源資源引入」等三種路徑，研究其特質、差異，並探討設計專業科系進入部落的社會實踐所產生的特殊性，浸潤式陪伴對原住民部落地方知識與文化的理解與轉譯情形，及在反思團隊多年的浸潤行動中，以非強力主導、不著急、相互學習的浸潤式陪伴方式，部落與師生間交互作用力等。研究發現師生從外部進到來吉部落內部，即進入具社會─生態─生產地景等里山的環境中，三種路徑讓學生獲得接觸、欣賞異文化與尊重原住民在地知識、參與式設計及文化意義層次設計訓練等機會；師生也創造原住民觀看學生創意的機會，部落得到部分問題的解決、觀點刺激、美學浸潤與刺激學習等；師生浸潤在部落中，部落與大學有如行星齒輪般互動，相互學習與相互增能。研究結論：1.三種路徑行動目標與特質不同，浸潤深淺亦不同，影響感知差異。2.三種路徑對部落與學生具刺激學習、美學與設計能力提升等共同作用力，但各路徑亦各有特殊作用力。3.學校從浸潤式陪伴中，理解原住民知識與自然觀、生命觀，以設計使部落特質被理解與重視，部落與師生相互增能。4.大學從設計專業製作的慣性往參與式製作移動。5.三種路徑有其現實條件限制，在內部檢討與外部溝通中修正。

Today, the government takes the lead in encouraging universities to guide students through social practice, to face the real society, to enter the community, to think about ''how to help solve social problems'', and to interpret and dialogue with university expertise and local knowledge. It is hoped to co-construct ''new'' knowledge and to find a place where universities can contribute and exert influence. This study began to accompany the Laiji Village Indigenous tribes since 2006, and analyzed three paths, from years of ongoing workshops to postgraduate placements, and expanded participation in the Ministry of Education's university social responsibility practice plan to analyze its traits and differences, and explore the particularities of the social practice of the design department entering the tribe, infiltration-style companionship of the understanding and translation of indigenous knowledge and culture of indigenous tribes, and interaction. The study found that teachers and students from the outside, went into the Satoyama tribal environment with socioecological production. Teachers and students are infiltrated in the tribe, and tribes and universities interact like planetary gears, learning from each other and mutual empowerment.