理性與身體感性的共融──對網球選手類型區辨的現象學探索

The melting between the rational and bodily sensitivities: Phenomenological exploration of tennis players' classification

網球選手的類型分類一直令人感興趣的課題，理解選手的歸屬，發展合適的運動技術，是運動研究愛好者研究的課題。本研究受到胡塞爾（Edmund Husserl, 1859－1938）現象學方法的啟發，嘗試以學者劉一民與李維倫所開展的現象學徑路作為研究方法，進行分析與探究網球選手中，比賽型與練習型選手其展現經驗存有的狀態。本研究透過現象學描述，進行對網球選手類型展現的勾劃，並透過現象學懸置與還原的方法來揭露兩種類型所具有的存在本質。在研究對象上，針對新北市、臺師大、全國排名賽所形成的網球界域、國內優秀教練與選手做為主軸，嘗試將深藏於他們生命中，整體經驗與界域融會形成的脈絡作為分析語料，再予以主體還原去澄清在經驗中最原初的風貌，其中發現，練習型選手深受技術、思考與體系三大主軸的侵擾，並深具混雜與不確定的特色，比賽型選手則是以秩序、臨場與主體為依歸，具有連續性與整體性的特質。最後，再透過第二次的還原，針對運動世界中選手類型進行擱置，發現選手是在自我與外在世界的互動中，去建構其在運動世界的存有，以勝與負作為運動世界中的評價系統與邏輯體系。同時，通過身體與內在世界的共謀，形成特殊的時空感與身體感，並在視覺與觸覺的依賴中，形塑出各式各樣的運動經驗；最後，運動員在自我與身體之間的流動中觸發感覺，在內在與外在世界的往返中萌發意義，並在不斷地牽動中形成更豐富、更具深度的運動世界。

The classifications of tennis players have been an ongoing and interesting topic. To understand the types of players and then develop appropriate sports measurements for them has long been a research topic for sports lovers. Inspired by the phenomenological method of Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), this study attempts to analyze the essence of match players and practice players by taking the phenomenological path forged by scholars, such as Prof. I-Min Liu and Prof. Wei-Lun Lee, as the research method. Through a phenomenological description, the study shows different types of tennis players and reveals the essence of the two types of players by phenomenological suspension (epoché) and reduction. The participants in this research are domestic top-notch tennis players and coaches from New Taipei City, National Taiwan Normal University, and Chinese Taipei Tennis Association. The study attempts to take the context formed by the player's holistic experiences and horizon melting in their lives as the analysis and the materials, and then restores the subject to clear its original style of experience. The researchers found that the practice player was deeply disturbed by the three dimensions of technique, thinking, and system, and has the characteristics of mixture and uncertainty. In contrast, the match player has the basic characteristics of order, spontaneity, and subject, especially continuity and integrity. Finally, through the second reduction, the paper discovers, by the suspension of player classifications in the sports world, that players construct their own being in the sports world through the interactions between themselves and the outside world. They take winning or losing as the judgment and logic systems in the sports world. Meanwhile, through the conflict between the body and the inner world, the particular sense of space and time and body sense are formed. Also, a variety of sports experiences are formed in the dependence of vision and touch. Finally, athletes activate their feelings from the flow between themselves and their bodies, make their meanings in the back and forth between the inner and outer worlds, and form their richer and deeper sports worlds through their continuous interactions.