歐洲聯盟對抗工作場所霸凌問題之努力：回顧與前瞻

Combating Workplace Bullying in the European Union: Retrospect and Prospect

本文目的是要對歐洲聯盟過去五十多年來，透過職業安全衛生法制之建構，對工作場所霸凌這類新興勞動問題加以因應之努力，做一全面回顧與檢視，並探究它制定對會員國具法律拘束力相關指令之可能性。除前言及結語外，全文共分三大部分。首先說明各類職場不法侵害，包括：就業歧視、性騷擾、暴力、侵及隱私及霸凌等問題興起之背景。其次以四個階段為期，分析它過去建構傳統職業安全衛生法制之各項努力，藉以導出嗣後開始正視人為因素在職場所產生各種負面影響之緣由。最後則探究對制定統一性指令之正反意見，並以國際勞工組織在2019年所通過之190號公約及美國之經驗，分析歐洲聯盟現有制度之優劣得失、引起爭議之處及可供我國啟示之經驗。

The purpose of this paper is to offer an overall assessment of efforts made by the European Union in combating workplace bullying. It also examines whether it is possible to promulgate a binding directive for its Member States to solve this problem. The main contents of the paper are divided into four sections. Section One provides a general back-ground about the development of psychosocial workplace hazards, such as discrimination, harassment, violence and bullying in the European Union. Sections Two traces various efforts made by the European Union in combating workplace bullying through the legal regime governing occupational safety and health matters. Section Three reviews the opin-ions supporting or opposing for the EU to enact related directives for its Member States. It also discusses the merits and shortcomings of the current EU system and examines what Taiwan can learn as it confronts this issue in the workplace.