家庭暴力低意願案主服務經驗之研究：保護性社工的角度

Working With Involuntary Clients Affected by Domestic Violence: Experiences of Protective Services Social Workers

家庭暴力防治工作常面臨一項棘手的服務困境，即受暴婦女往往不想離開相對人而婉拒社工介入服務，造成社工很難精準評估案主的潛在風險而成為家庭暴力防治工作的死角。為此，本文旨在從家暴社會工作者角度，深入瞭解「低意願」案主拒絕處遇的因素以及執行低意願案主處遇方案的困境。為了達此目的，本文採用焦點團體訪談法針對家暴防治四位第一線社會工作者進行質性資料的蒐集與分析。首先，彙整經驗資料發現，受暴婦女拒絕處遇有幾項原由：（一）加害者利用權勢阻礙案主向外求助；（二）案主助夫興家不甘心離家；（三）案主內化父權意識相忍為家；（四）案主受父權幽靈纏身對暴力病夫不離不棄；（五）里長處理家暴敲鑼打鼓告誡案主顧及夫家顏面。其次，低意願案主處遇方案雖可補充家暴防治網不足，但仍有幾項待改善的政策省思：（一）家防單位應整合各類處遇系統，以助益後端處遇系統即時找到低意願案主並介入服務；（二）家防單位應戮力消除不同通報管道和不同處遇系統的本位主義，以助益案主求助意願；（三）提升新手社工專業知能；（四）補強里長助人專業素養。

A major difficulty in domestic violence prevention is the reluctance of victims to leave the perpetrator and the resulting refusal to allow social workers’ intervention. This complicates the precise evaluation of the victim’s potential risks by the social worker, and therefore constitutes a problem in domestic violence prevention. This study was conducted from a social worker’s point of view and investigated the reasons for the refusal of intervention by involuntary clients. An additional aim was to understand the dilemmas that social workers face when intervening with involuntary clients. Qualitative data was collected through focus group interviews with four frontline social workers. First, data analysis revealed several reasons for the refusal of intervention by female victims: (a) the perpetrator uses his power and hinders the victim from seeking help; (b) the victim has contributed greatly to the family and hence refuses to leave after being abused; (c) internalization of the patriarchy causes the victim to accept the violence; (d) the victim is haunted by the patriarchy and is reluctant to leave her ill but violent husband; and (e) in the case of domestic violence, the village chief publicly admonishes the victim for causing the loss of face for the husband. Second, although prevention schemes for involuntary clients may be a valuable supplement to the domestic prevention network, a reconsideration of existing policies may be required: (a) an integration of domestic prevention organizations and other prevention systems is required to find involuntary clients in need of intervention quicker; (b) to raise victims’ willingness to report their circumstances, domestic violence prevention organizations should address existing silo mentality and the communication problems caused by the existence of different reporting channels and systems; (c) new social workers’ professional skills should be enhanced; and (d) the village chief’s manner of service provision in dealing with domestic violence cases should be improved.