緊急權：體系建構、競合適用與層級劃分

建構起邏輯清晰、階層有致的緊急權體系，是全面提升緊急權研究水準的必由之路。首先，在權利空間分配的視角下，自損型緊急權和反擊型緊急權得以建立；其次，在歸責原理的指導下，應對反擊型緊急權作進一步的層次劃分；最後，通過引入社會團結原則，建立起轉嫁型緊急權。自損、反擊和轉嫁這三類緊急權之間是彼此獨立、相互排斥的關係，在檢驗思路上應遵循“自損型最先、反擊型其次、轉嫁型最後”的順序。反擊型緊急權內部的各項權利之間可能因為前提條件存在重疊而出現類似於法條競合的關係。緊急權限度具有層級結構，從反擊型到轉嫁型，狹義比例原則的制約作用總體上顯示出由弱到強的漸變趨勢。

The construction of a system of emergency rights with clear logic and structure is the indispensable way to comprehensively improve the research of emergency rights. Firstly, from the perspective of spatial distribution of rights, the self-destructive emergency right and the counter-attack emergency right can be established. Secondly, under the guidance of the principle of imputation, the counter-attack emergency right should be further divided. Finally, by introducing the principle of social solidarity, the transfer-type emergency right is established. The three types of emergency rights are independent and mutually exclusive, and the test should comply with the order of ''self-destructive type first, counter-attack type second and the transfer-type the last''. There may be a kind of relationship, which seems like the overlap of articles of law, between the various rights within the counter-attack emergency right, because of the overlaying of the preconditions. The emergency rights have a hierarchical structure. From the counter-attack emergency right to the transfer-type emergency right, the restrictive effect of the narrow proportional principle generally shows a gradual trend from weak to strong.