法定犯的性質和界定

法定犯是對應於自然犯的一種犯罪形態，它具有行政違法性和刑事違法性的雙重屬性。所謂行政違法性是指違反行政法規，這是法定犯構成要件的規範要素。行政法規是法定犯的前置法，只有違反行政法規的行為，才有可能構成犯罪。在這個意義上說，法定犯具有行政從屬性。而刑事違法性是指法定犯的構成要件行為符合刑法規定，具有構成要件該當性。在法定犯的司法認定中，既要參照行政法規的規定，同時又要嚴格依照刑法規定。在法定犯的刑事訴訟程式中，行政部門的行政認定對法定犯的構成要件規範要素的理解和事實因素的確認具有重要意義，但司法機關對法定犯的認定具有獨立性，只有這樣才能避免法定犯刑事程式的形式化。

Crime mala prohibita is a kind of crime corresponding to crime mala in re, which has the dual attributes of administrative illegality and criminal illegality. The so-called administrative illegality refers to the violation of administrative regulations, which is normative element of the elements of crime mala prohibita. Administrative regulations are preconditions of statutory crimes, and only if they violate administrative regulations can they constitute crimes. In this sense, crime mala prohibita has the nature that criminal law is subsidiary to administrative law. The criminal illegality means that the elements of crime mala prohibita are in line with the provisions of criminal law. In the judicial determination of legal offenders, we should not only refer to the provisions of administrative regulations, but also strictly in accordance with the provisions of criminal law. In the criminal procedure of legal offenders, the administrative determination of the administrative department is of great significance to the understanding of the normative elements of crime mala prohibita and the confirmation of the factual factors, but the judicial organ has the independence of the determination of crime mala prohibita. Only in this way can we avoid the formalization of the criminal procedure of the legal offence.