法治意識形態反思

2018年深圳市中級人民法院審結一宗涉野生動物犯罪上訴案件，該案二審律師和一些刑法學者圍繞該案展開了一場討論，參與者就動物保護乃至於人與動物關係等議題發表了諸多意見。這些意見預設了人權與“動物權”的對立，反對將“動物權”淩駕於人權。它們還在動物保護問題上批判所謂國家主義，強調私權尤其是財產權的重要性，並把現行法律對動物的保護（更不用說非官方的動物保護主張）視為域外影響的結果，認為它們脫離了中國社會發展階段，也不符合中國國情。對這些觀點的深入分析可以揭示，這些意見武斷且充滿偏見，反映了一種基於狹隘的人類中心主義的法治意識形態。只有意識到進而自覺去除特定歷史條件下被人為賦予的封閉、狹隘性質，法治、人權、財產權這些理念和價值才能獲得更大生機，成為中國社會健康發展的思想、觀念和制度基礎。

Taking as the starting point a wildlife crime case decided on appeal by the Shenzhen Intermediate People s Court in 2017 which was controversial in the Chinese legal community, this article discusses the opinions of the second-instance lawyers and some criminal law scholars concerning animal protection and the relationship between human and animals. Their views presuppose an antagonism between human rights and ''animal rights'' and oppose the latter overriding the former. They also criticize the socalled statism, emphasize the importance and priority of private property rights, and regard the protection of animals under existing laws(not to mention unofficial animal protection claims)as the result of a sort of outside Western influence, taking the view that they are incompatible with the current stage of social development of China and China s national conditions. This paper shows that these opinions are arbitrary and prejudiced, reflecting a rule of law ideology with Chinese characteristics based on narrow anthropocentrism. The article concludes that only when these narrow-minded qualities artificially imposed under specific historical conditions are consciously removed, can ideas and values such as the rule of law, human rights and property rights serve as the philosophical, conceptual and institutional basis for the healthy development of Chinese society in the future.