論我國民法典中的個人資訊合理使用制度

為協調個人資訊保護與利用的關係，我國《民法典》對個人資訊的合理使用制度作出了規定。我國法上的個人資訊合理使用是對自然人享有的作為人格權益的個人資訊權益的限制。我國《民法典》從三個層面對個人資訊的合理使用進行了規範。在總則編層面上的抽象性規範就是對公序良俗、誠實信用以及不得濫用權利等原則和免責事由的規定；在人格權編一般性規定的層面，是第998條明確的認定人格權侵權責任應當考慮的主要因素，以及第999條對人格權合理使用的規定；而直接針對個人資訊合理使用的具體規定，是《民法典》第1036條規定的侵害個人資訊的免責事由。可以合理使用個人資訊的情形主要分為三類，即維護公共利益（國家利益和社會公共利益），保護個人資訊權益主體的合法權益以及合理處理已經合法公開的個人資訊。

In order to coordinate the relationship between protection and utilization of personal information, China s Civil Code(CCC)establishes the rules of the fair use of personal information. In Chinese law, the fair use of personal information means restrictions on the rights and interests of personal information that natural persons enjoy as personality rights. CCC regulates the fair use of personal information on three levels. In the Section of General Provisions, abstract norms stipulate the principles of public order and good customs, good faith, and right abuse prohibition. At the level of general provisions in the Section of Personality Rights of CCC, the fair use of personal information is reflected as the main factor to be taken into consideration when determining the tort liability of personality rights as provided in Article 998, and is revealed in the provisions under Article 999 on the fair use of personality rights as well. Furthermore, Article 1036, which is about liability exemption for processing personal information, directly formulates the rules about fair use of personal information. The situations in which personal information might be used reasonably can be divided into three main categories: for protection of public interests(including national interests and social public interests), for protection of rights and interests of the subjects of personal information, and for reasonable processing of personal information that has been lawfully disclosed.