民法典動產擔保權登記對抗規則的解釋論

就動產抵押權、所有權保留交易和融資租賃交易中出賣人、出租人的所有權，《民法典》上採取了登記對抗主義。與登記生效主義不同的是，登記對抗主義區分了動產擔保權的設立與對抗第三人效力。這些動產擔保權一經設立，在性質上即屬物權，即使未經登記，也可對抗無擔保債權人。未經登記的動產擔保權，不得對抗善意的受讓人、租賃權人，不得對抗其他擔保權人、查封或扣押債權人、參與分配債權人、破產債權人或破產管理人。登記對抗規則與善意取得制度之間各有其不同的制度功能和體系分工，其中善意的認定自有其特殊性。在擔保人的正常經營活動中，已支付合理價款並取得抵押財產的買受人免受動產擔保權的約束，這一規則的適用並不僅限於浮動抵押交易。

As for chattel mortgage, title reservation and financial leasing transactions, the Chinese Civil Code has adopted the doctrine of ''filing antagonism'', i. e. , the right of the holder will be not effective against third parties without filing. Different from the doctrine of registration formalism, the doctrine of filing antagonism distinguishes the attachment/creation from the third-party effectiveness of a security right. A security right, once created, is a kind of right in rem(proprietary right)in nature, and can be effective as against unsecured creditors even if it is not filed. An unfiled(unperfected)security right shall not be effective as against a bona fide assignee or leaseholder, nor shall it be effective as against other security rights, the executive creditors, the creditors participating in the distribution, the creditors or the trustees/receivers in bankruptcy. Because there are different system functions and divisions between the filing antagonism rule and the bona fide acquisition system, the identification of bona fide of a third party in filing antagonism has its own particularity. In the ordinary course of business of the security provider, a buyer takes free of a security right if the buyer has paid the reasonable price and obtained the encumbered property. This rule is not limited to floating charges.