無權處分再辨

我國《民法典》第597條第1款規定買賣合同的效力不因欠缺處分權而受影響，弊多利少，有必要限縮其適用範圍。買賣禁止流通物甚至限制流通物等案型均不應適用該條款的規定。無權代理不由該條款調整，但無權代理伴有無權處分時，後者自然由其管轄。不登記物權借助於隱名代理的方式流轉時有時屬於無權處分的案型。在代持人擅自轉讓或出質其代持股權時，應被定性和定位在無權處分。借名登記的場合，登記名義人擅自處分其名下但本屬借名人的不動產物權或動產的，構成無權處分。至於冒名登記，登記名義人毫無合法、正當的登記基礎，處分冒名登記於其名下的不動產或動產，當屬無權處分。在無權處分的場合，受讓人是否取得標的物的物權，依據善意取得制度而定。

Article 597(1) of the Chinese Civil Code stipulates that the validity of the sales contract shall not be affected by the lack of disposing right. It is necessary to limit the scope of its application. The provision should not be applied to such types of cases as the sale of prohibited or even restricted circulating goods. The unauthorized agency is not regulated by this clause, but if the unauthorized agency also constitutes the unauthorized disposition, Article 597(1)can be naturally applied. When the real right without registration is transferred by means of anonymous agent, it sometimes belongs to unauthorized disposition. In case of transferring or pledging the shares held on behalf of the holder without authorization, it shall belong to the above-mentioned unauthorized disposition. In the case of registration under a borrowed name, the registered nominal person disposes of the real estate or chattel in his name without authorization, and if the property originally belongs to the borrower, it constitutes no right to dispose. As for the case of registration in a false name, since the registered nominees have no legal and legitimate basis for registration, the disposal of the real estate or movable property registered in his confused name certainly constitutes unauthorized disposal. In the case of unauthorized disposition, whether the transferee obtains the real right of the subject matter shall be determined according to the system of acquisition in good faith.