精神病人責任能力的認定方案研究

如何在具體案件中落實混合標準認定精神病人的責任能力，這是一個學界尚未深入研究的問題。借鑒實務經驗，在醫學標準方面，司法人員應圍繞ICD-11，審查行為人是否為精神病人。若能認定行為人不是精神病人，則可認定其精神狀態正常。如果行為人是精神病人，則需根據法學標準，判斷其辨認、控制能力情況。此時，司法人員可依據行為選擇能力、臨場應對能力與自我保護能力，先行判斷精神病人的控制能力情況。如果精神病人具有控制能力，司法人員再依據精神病人是否具有現實動機、是否認識行為性質、是否知曉行為結果，判斷其辨認能力情況，並依據辨認、控制能力的具體情況，得出精神病人責任能力如何的相應結論。

How to implement the combined standards in order to determine mental patients’ capacity for criminal responsibility in specific cases is an issue that has not been studied in depth. According to practical experience, from the medical standard’s perspective, judiciary officers shall examine and decide whether the perpetrator is a mental patient or not based on ICD-11 standards. If it can be determined that the perpetrator is not a mental patient, the perpetrator can be deemed to have complete capacity for criminal responsibility. If the perpetrator is determined to be a mental patient, then it is necessary to judge his or her capacity of appreciation and capacity of control in line with legal standards. Under this circumstance, judiciary officers shall first determine the mental patients’ capacity of control based on their abilities to select behaviors, respond on the spot and protect themselves. If it is determined that mental patients have capacity of control, judiciary officers shall further check whether they have realistic motivations and whether they understand the nature and result of the behaviors to decide their capacity of appreciation, and then draw a corresponding conclusion on their capacity for criminal responsibility based on the specific conditions of their capacity of appreciation and capacity of control.