疫情監控：一個比較法社會學的分析

從風險社會、監視社會以及衰退社會這三種視角考察和比較新冠病毒傳染病防控的不同模式，可以聚焦疫情防控社會結構、個人權利保障、風險溝通以及問責機制等關鍵性問題。以這次疫情為契機，數位化資訊技術得以更廣泛運用，智慧網路平臺進一步擴展，這將使經濟關係與法律秩序的存在方式發生某種質變，從邊沁-福柯的“一覽式監視塔”到由各個智能手機構成的“視線陷阱”。可以說，圍繞隱私和自由，政府與社會之間正在展開一場相互透明化的博弈。國家的治理將不僅基於個人的行動方式，而且在相當程度上深入到體征計量，提前到動機預測，並對日常活動進行跟蹤式流程管理。這種無所不在的社會監控，對以隱私和個體自由為基本特徵的現代權利體系構成嚴峻挑戰。無論進行何種價值判斷，這都意味著法治的範式正在悄然發生深刻的轉變甚至革命。為此，法學研究和思考的重心也將從規範移動到事實、從邏輯演繹移動到經驗歸納，促使法社會學進入一個新階段。

From the three perspectives of risk society, surveillance society and recession society, we can examine and compare different modes of prevention and control of the new coronavirus infectious di-eases. We can focus on key issues such as the social structure of epidemic prevention and control, individual rights protection, risk communication and account ability mechanisms. Taking this epidemic as an opportunity, digital information technology can be more widely used, and the smart network platform will be further expanded. This will causeaqual it ative change in the economic relations and legal order, from the Benthamite-Foucauldian Panopticon to the “sight trap” made up of various smart phones. It can be said that around privacy and freedom, the government and theso cietyare develop in gagameo fmutual transparency. Governance of the country will not only be based on individual actions, buttoa certainex-tent, it will also go into the measurement of signs, advancing to the prediction of motivation, and continuous management of daily activities. This ubiquitous social monitoring poses a severe challenge to the modern rights system characterized by privacy and individual freedom. No matter what kind of value judgment is made, this means that the paradigm of the rule of law is quietly undergoing profound changes and even revolutions. For this reason, the focus of legal research and thinking will also move from norms to facts, from logical deduction to empirical induction, pushing legal sociology to a news tage.