當代美國犯罪控制策略體系及其借鑒

美國兩極化刑事政策的背後是一整套完整而精密的犯罪控制策略體系。這套策略體系的內在邏輯是對有限的刑罰資源進行開源節流，國家利用社會公眾的“集體被害人”的心態，聯合社會力量共同治理犯罪，一方面通過社區矯正所承載的社會化規訓策略，將矯治資源有選擇地傾注在有挽救價值的部分犯罪人身上，同時以以情境預防為主線的社會控制策略維護社會的安全；另外一方面，通過長期監禁刑所承載的隔離策略將不具備矯正價值的人以最小代價排除出社會，從而形成了兩極化刑事政策中互相補充和替代的嚴厲層面和寬鬆層面。當代美國的犯罪控制策略體系自20世紀九十年代中期以來取得了良好的犯罪控制效果，有很多地方值得我國借鑒。

Behind the polarized criminal policy of the U. S. , there is a complete and sophisticated system of crime control strategies. The internal logic of the system is to open sources and reduce expenditures on limited penal resources. The state unites social forces to manage crimes through the public s ''collective victim'' mentality. On the one hand, through the socialization training strategy of community correction, resources are selectively poured into some of the perpetrators who can be reformed, while social control strategies based on situational prevention are used to maintain social security. On the other hand, the criminal who have no corrective value will be excluded from the society at the minimum cost by the isolation strategy carried by longterm imprisonment, thus forming a strict and a relaxed level in the polarized criminal policy, which complement each other. The contemporary American crime control strategy system has achieved good crime control results since the mid-1990 s, offering many lessons for China to learn from.