執行文的歷史源流、制度模式與中國圖景

強制執行是國家公權力對私人領域的干預，因而必須具有正當化根據，執行程式的實質啟動要件便是該正當化根據的體現。在執行程式實質啟動要件的審查與救濟程式缺位元的背景下，我國應當借鑒比較法引入執行文制度，在執行文的授予環節完成對執行程式實質啟動要件的審查，從而確保強制執行的正當性，並解決當下的“執行亂”困境。在執行文制度的建構上，應當根據審查資質、公證職能及審查相關材料的便利度，就各類執行名義分別設置執行文授予機關；針對單純執行文及特殊執行文等不同情形具體設定執行文授予要件；在優先確保強制執行之正當性、最大限度地維護執行效率的理念下，設計執行文授予程式，即對於執行程式實質啟動要件具備與否，執行文授予上採用形式審查，但在必要時保障執行當事人尋求實體審查的機會。

Execution procedure is the intervention of state public power in the private sphere, which must then have the basis of legitimation. The essential starting point of execution procedure is the embodiment of the basis of legitimation. Against the background of the examination of the essential starting points of the execution procedure and in the absence of relief procedure, China should use the comparative law as a reference to introduce the executive formula, and complete the examination of the essential starting elements of the execution procedure through the granting link of the executive formula, so as to ensure the legitimacy of the compulsory execution and to solve the current ''disorder of execution'' . In the construction of the executive formula, according to the qualification of examination, notarization function and the convenience of examining relevant materials, the executive formula granting organs should be set up under different names of execution. In view of different situations such as simple executive formula and special executive formula, specific requirements for granting executive formula shall be set up. Under the idea of giving priority to ensuring the legitimacy of compulsory execution and maximizing the efficiency of execution, the procedure of granting executive formula is designed, which means that whether the essential starting elements of execution procedures are available or not, the organ of granting executive formula shall, in principle, adopt formal review, but if necessary, guarantee the opportunity for executing parties to seek substantive review.