動機錯誤下的承諾有效性問題研究

基於個人自治的法益概念，被害人承諾因體現著被害人的自治而阻卻犯罪成立。因此，應當立足於被害人自治來考察承諾的有效性。當被害人自己產生動機錯誤進行承諾時，這種發生在被害人自身權利領域內的動機錯誤並未損害其自治，故應認定其承諾有效。即便行為人明知被害人陷入了動機錯誤，也同樣如此。相反，若行為人以作為或不作為的方式引起了被害人的動機錯誤，並致使其因此進行了法益處分，這種法益處分就不再是被害人自主決定的結果。此時行為人侵入了被害人的自治領域，致使其承諾無效。基於保障被害人自治的考量，全面無效說才是妥當的立場。

On the subject of the concept of legal interest of individual autonomy, the victim’s consent hinders the constitution of a crime because it embodies the autonomy of the victim. Therefore, the effectiveness of the consent should be examined based on the autonomy of the victim. When the victim makes a consent under the influence of a wrong motive, such wrong motive in the field of the victim’s own rights does not damage his or her autonomy, so it should be determined that the consent is valid. Even if the perpetrator knows clearly that the victim is under the influence of wrong motive, it should still be considered that the consent is valid. On the contrary, if the perpetrator causes the victim’s wrong motive by way of action or inaction and causes the victim to take the punishment in terms of legal interest, the punishment of legal interest will no longer be the result of the victim’s independent decision. Only in this scenario, the perpetrator intrudes into the victim’s autonomous domain, resulting in the invalidity of his or her consent. On account of the consideration of protecting the autonomy of victims, the theory of total invalidity is the proper position.