論行政合同上的情勢變更

行政合同與民事合同的區別不在特權，而在控權。承認行政機關與私人一方在行政合同中事實不平等，非為強化這種不平等，而是為消除這種不平等。行政合同存在的價值，應是以控權為手段，矯正行政機關與私人一方的事實不平等，令契約精神真正得以實現。以控權論為立場，需重新檢視行政合同上情勢變更的適用條件與法律效果。就適用條件而言，應限制將行政規範性檔的變化視作引起情勢變更的規則變化，對不可預見的判定應採用客觀標準，不得因公共利益而放寬或取消對行政機關的不可歸責性要求，更不得以公共利益為名將商業風險認定為情勢變更。就法律效果而言，未來應讓雙方當事人統一適用形成訴權模式，並確立再交涉義務和強化要式主義。

An administrative contract is different from a civil contract because it controls the power of the authority instead of giving them extra privilege. Recognizing the de facto inequality between the authority and the citizen is not to reinforce the inequality, but to eliminate it. The value of an administrative contract is to adjust the de facto inequality between the authority and the citizen through the instrument of the power-control theory, and to honour the spirit of contract. Based on the power-control theory, the application conditions and the legal consequences of the change of circumstances in the administrative contract should be reviewed. With regard to the application conditions, the following suggestions should be adopted such as restraining the application that views a change in administrative normative documents as a cause of change of circumstances, evaluating the unpredictability from the objective criteria, the government accountability should not be reduced or exempted from due to the consideration of public interests, and public interests should not be the justification of taking business risk as the change of circumstances. In terms of the legal consequences, a model of giving the authority and the citizen the right to sue for reconstitution should be established, and the authority s obligation to renegotiate and the doctrine of standard formality should be emphasized.