行政覆議“雙被告”制度的困境與變革

行政覆議“雙被告”制度運行已四年有餘。國家層面與地方層面實踐資料所呈現出的趨勢不完全一致。“雙被告”制度的提出使覆議機關定位“自相矛盾”，程式上空轉嚴重，也背離了理性“經濟人”原則。這不僅不符合“成本-收益分析”的基本要求，也很大程度上減損了覆議制度本身的權威性。這種末端解決問題的方式無法在源頭上解決我國覆議體制機制面臨的困境，相反已經產生一系列新的問題。我國行政覆議的改革應當著眼於覆議自身，從體制、機制和制度層面保障其發揮出天然優勢，促進覆議與訴訟的互補互洽，真正把行政覆議打造成化解行政爭議的主管道。

The administrative reconsideration of the ''double accused'' system has been in operation for more than three years. Inconsistent trends in practice data at the national and local levels are highlighted. The ''double accused'' system made the reconsideration agency position ''self-contradictory'', procedurally idling, and also deviated from the rational ''economic man'' principle, which not only did not meet the basic requirements of ''cost-benefit'', but also largely Derogation of the authority of the reconsideration system. This kind of terminal solution to the problem cannot solve the dilemma of China’s reconsideration system at the source. On the contrary, a series of new problems have arisen. The reform of China’s administrative reconsideration should focus on reconsideration itself, guarantee its natural advantages from the system, mechanism and system level, promote the complementarity and mutual agreement between reconsideration and litigation, and truly make administrative reconsideration the main channel for resolving administrative disputes.