主觀公權利的歷史嬗變與當代價值

主觀公權利是德國現代公法的核心設置，其核心是在法治國框架下重新構建個人相對於國家獨立的法地位，它的提出亦使權利成為理解和整序公法的全新線索。主觀公權利在德國法上歷經複雜嬗變，這也使其意涵相當複雜多樣。我國對這一理論的吸收目前還局限於行政訴訟原告資格的判定。但這一傳統學理的當代價值更在於：其對個人權利的探求是在實證法中找到連接點，並借助請求權的解釋框架和教義，有效避免因為現代行政作用效果不斷擴散所導致的個人自由的無輪廓和無邊界，個人權利也因此獲得穩定清晰的實證法基礎。德國公法在主觀公權利支配下所形成的公民實體請求權與訴權的相互對照，揭示了一種體系化的公法權利觀對於整體公法所產生的統攝和影響作用。

The public subjective right theory is the core of German modern public law, whose core is to reconstruct the legal status of individuals relative to the state under the framework of a rule-of-law state. It also makes right to be the overarching framework to understand and organize public law. Subjective public right has undergone complex changes in German law, making its meaning quite complicated and diverse. The introduction of this theory in China is limited to the determination of plaintiff qualification in administrative litigation at present. But the contemporary value of this traditional theory is more embodied in the following sense. According to the theory, the exploration of individual rights is to find the connection point in the black-letter law, and with the help of the interpretative framework and doctrine of the right of claim, a stable and clear empirical basis for individual rights can also be obtained. The value of the theory of subjective public rights also lies in the fact that it reminds us that a systematic concept of public rights has a dominant influence on the overall public law system, including administrative entities and administrative litigation.