再論對違反法定程式的司法審查

行政法學理對“違反法定程式”的解釋，與2009年之前相比並沒有發展出新的學說。對“程式輕微違法”的解釋則主要通過整理判例列出若干情形，但未作類型化處理和一般化判斷規則的提煉。結合過去十年最高法院公佈的判例，我們可以發現“違反法定程式”作為司法審查標準未能發展成更為精細化、多元化的判斷標準；在沒有法定程式的情況下，法院仍然採用“正當程式原則”的司法審查標準，但不斷擴大其適用的行政領域範圍。2014年修改後的《行政訴訟法》實施以來，未見最高人民法院公佈因被訴行政行為“程式輕微違法”而作出確認違法判決的判例，這種狀況可能會影響法院確認違法判決的正確適用。

The theoretical interpretation of ''violation of statutory procedures'' in administrative law has not changed much since 2009. The understanding of ''petty violation of the statutory procedures'' is mainly based on case study, but it has not been categorized and the general rule of judgment has not yet been formed. More practical way is to estimate ''actual impact on the plaintiff’s rights'' by using the distribution of the burden of proof. Based on the analysis of cases published by the Supreme People’s Court over the last 10 years, we can find that, as a standard of judicial review, ''violation of statutory procedures'' fails to develop into a more refined and diversified judicial standard. In the absence of statutory procedures, the principle of due process can still be adopted by the courts and its scope of application has expanded. After the implementation of the Administrative Litigation Law (2014), the Supreme People’s Court has not published any cases that confirm the illegality of the alleged administrative action due to ''petty violation of the statutory procedures'', which may lead to adverse effects on the correct application of the judgment to confirm illegality.