注釋刑法學經由刑法哲學抵達教義刑法學

我國刑法學是隨著1979年刑法的頒佈而重建的，迄今已經40年。在過去的40年中，我國刑法學經歷了由注釋刑法學到刑法哲學，再演進為刑法教義學這三個階段。注釋刑法學採用解釋方法對刑法條文進行闡述，在1979年刑法頒佈之初，對刑法的司法適用提供了學理指導，發揮了應有的作用，是我國刑法學恢復初期的知識形態。注釋刑法學缺乏理論深度和廣度，在這種情況下，刑法哲學成為我國刑法學發展的一個突破口。刑法哲學採用哲理分析方法，對刑法進行價值評判和體系建構，提升了我國刑法學的理論水準。在我國1997年刑法頒佈以後，隨著德日刑法教義學的引入，我國刑法學界開始接受刑法教義學的研究方法，並以我國刑法規範為中心，進行教義學分析，由此形成我國教義刑法學的知識形態。刑法教義學與刑法哲學處於不同的知識層面，而從注釋刑法學提升到教義刑法學，才是我國刑法學40年發展的主要成果。

Chinese criminal law science was established since the publication of Criminal Law in 1979. Since then, it has been 40 years. In the past four decades, Chinese criminal law science has experienced three stages, i. e. criminal law interpretation, criminal law philosophy and criminal law doctrine. Criminal law interpretation explains the provisions of Criminal Law by interpretation. In the early period of Criminal Law 1979, criminal law interpretation, as the form of knowledge in the early period of Chinese criminal law science, provided academic guidance for judicial application of criminal law and made historical contribution. However, criminal law interpretation is short of theoretical depth and breadth. For this reason, criminal law philosophy became a breakthrough of Chinese criminal law science. By adopting the method of philosophical inquiry, criminal law philosophy made value judgement and systematic construction of criminal law, which upgraded the level of Chinese criminal law science. Since the publication of Criminal Law 1997, with the introduction of German and Japanese criminal law theory, doctrinal method of criminal law has been gradually accepted. Chinese scholars began to develop criminal law doctrines by focusing on criminal law provisions, by which new form of criminal law knowledge was formulated. Criminal law doctrine and criminal law philosophy are on different knowledge levels. The upgrading from criminal law interpretation to criminal law doctrine is actually the main achievement made by Chinese criminal law in the past 40 years.