公司內部監督責任體系的困境

監事是公司重要的內部監督主體，但其難以有效發揮監督作用的一個重要原因是公司內部監督責任體系的困境。現有研究對此普遍沒有清晰的理解，導致對監事作用存在認識上的錯位。從比較和實證的角度，基於新的研究方法，有助於揭示公司內部監督責任體系存在的巨大困境，以及監事為什麼不能發揮預期作用。從比較的角度，世界上公司的內部監督體系都面臨著巨大的困境和衝突，並且普遍存在減輕公司內部監督者法律責任的趨勢；我國的監事制度同樣存在監督責任的悖論和困境，導致法律法規在現實中難以得到嚴格的實施。從實證的角度，分析證監會對上市公司監事的行政處罰，能夠突顯監事制度在實施中的問題，及其折射出來的內部監督責任體系的困境。現代公司治理的監督體系存在從單一到多元，從內部到外部的發展趨勢。發展多元化的監督體系是我國加強對公司監督的必由之路。

Supervisors are important internal monitors of corporations, but it is difficult for them to effectively play their supervisory role in practice. An important reason is that the responsibility system for such internal monitors faces dilemma. Existing studies do not have a clear understanding of such dilemma, leading to a misconception of the role of supervisors. This paper discusses the dilemma of the responsibility system for such internal monitors from a comparative and empirical perspective. From a comparative perspective, globally the internal supervisory system of corporations faces enormous dilemmas and conflicts, and there is a trend of reducing the legal responsibility of internal monitors. Corporation supervisors in China also face similar problems, which makes it difficult for regulatory authorities to strictly implement the law. From an empirical perspective, this paper analyzes the administrative punishment of the China Securities Regulatory Commission on supervisors of listed companies and discusses the problems in its law enforcement. Such law enforcement also reflects the dilemma of the responsibility system of corporate supervisors. This article concludes that the trend of supervisory system in modern corporate governance is towards pluralism and externality. Therefore, developing aplural supervisory system is desirable for China to strengthen the supervision over corporations.