行政性壟斷中經營者責任缺位的反思

行政性壟斷通常兼有行政性和經濟性，現有反壟斷法律制度關注到它的行政性，而忽略了其經濟性，進而導致參與行政性壟斷經營者責任的“整體缺位＋轉化例外”的問題。經營者作為行政權力作用於市場的支點，參與壟斷的主觀態度不同。由此，以行政性壟斷的類型化為基礎，將經營者參與行政性壟斷的行為構建為樣態譜系，用以確定經營者的可責性。但在現有制度下，通過解釋論的方法無法彌補這一法律漏洞，亦無法實現對違法經營者的有效懲處。未來在《反壟斷法》修正時應當將“經營者參與行政性壟斷”作為獨立的違法行為，並且根據經營者參與樣態的不同區別其法律責任，只有如此才能夠全面、有效地預防和制止行政性壟斷行為。

Administrative monopoly is a hybrid monopoly form with both administrative and economic nature. The existing China’s Anti-monopoly Law regime noticed the administrative nature of administrative monopoly but ignored its economic nature, which results in the problem of the ''overall absence'' of liability of business operators participating in the administrative monopoly and ''the transformation exception'' under some limited circumstances. As the fulcrum through which the administrative power affects the markets, the business operators have different subjective states when participating in monopoly behaviors. The different subjective states, combined with the different categories of the administrative monopoly, form pedigrees and modes to determine the accountability. However, under the existing legal system, amending the loophole through interpreting the existing law is not effective. Therefore, business operators which violate the law are not always punished. In the future, the amendments of China’s Anti-monopoly Law should treat the operators’ participation in the administrative monopoly as an independent illegal conduct, and impose different legal liabilities according to the different modes of the operators’ participation. Only in this way can the administrative monopoly be comprehensively and effectively prevented and deterred.