改革開放四十年中國司法改革的回顧與展望

改革開放40年來，中國社會經歷了令世人矚目的結構性變化。其中，我國的司法改革歷經幾十載的漸次展開，逐步從程式改革發展到制度、工作機制改革，再到體制改革，取得了積極進展，司法改革已經發展成為影響深遠的“司法革命”。總的來看，改革開放40年來，中國司法改革積累了一些經驗，主要包括：始終堅持党的領導、堅持科學的改革方法論、改革方向兼顧司法規律與中國國情等。當然，改革開放40年來，中國司法改革也為下一步的司法改革提供了一些有益的啟示，主要包括：實現從“司法改革”到“政法改革”的轉變；堅持體制改革和頂層設計，也要調動地方和被改革者的積極性；改革必須抓住“去行政化的管理模式”這一核心問題；應重視改革的整體性、計劃性和系統性；應樹立理性的司法改革觀等。

In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the Chinese society has experienced structural changes that have attracted worldwide attention. Among them, China’s judicial reform has been carried out gradually for a few decades, progressing from procedural reform to institutional and working mechanism reform, and then to institutional reform. Judicial reform has therefore made positive progress and developed into a far-reaching ''judicial revolution''. In summary, China’s judicial reform has accumulated some experience over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, mainly including: always adhering to the Party’s leadership, adhering to the scientific reform methodology, and considering both the judicial regularity and national conditions in China. Of course, China’s judicial reform in the past 40 years of reform and opening up has also provided some useful lessons for the next judicial reform such as: to realize the transition from ''judicial reform'' to ''political and legal reform'' ; adhering to institutional reform and top-level design, as well as arousing the enthusiasm of local and concerned people; to grasp the core issue--''de-administrative management model''; attaching importance to the integrity, planning and systematization of reform; and to establish a rational concept of judicial reform.