中國少數民族政策：擺盪於同化和融合之間

China's Ethnic Minority Policy: Between Assimilation and Accommodation

本文試圖以改革時期的民族問題為中心，分析中共建政迄今，中國少數民族政策的形成與展開的過程。展望中國少數民族的政策發展方向，可總結如下幾個觀點：第一，中國的少數民族政策，雖在性質上以民族同化為最終目的，但在展開過程中，經常受各時期政治路線變化與意識形態鬥爭的影響，在穩健性融合與激進型同化之間反覆變化；第二，中國在各時期分別追求了不同階段的民族政策目標；第三，自建政迄今，形成中國民族政策的基本原則為民族平等、民族自治地區、不可分離、統一戰線等；第四，改革開放以來，中國民族問題隱藏著各種課題，其中最具代表性的是漢族和少數民族地區之間的差異。從短期來看，中國應會維持目前融合政策的基調，持續在民族自治區域內牽引少數民族自發性同意的政策。但從更長遠角度來看，中國也必須摸索符合中國實情的新民族政策。

Based on China's ethnic problems during the reform period, this article seeks to analyze the formation and development of China's policy towards ethnic minorities since the advent of the CCP regime. Regarding the development of China's ethnic minority policy, this author concludes the following: first, although Chinese policy ultimately aims at assimilation, both changes in political orientation and ideological conflicts in different periods have effectively caused policy to constantly fluctuate between gradual accommodation and radical assimilation; second, for each respective period, China pursued different policy goals set for different phases; third, since the establishment of the CCP, the basic principles of China's ethnic policy are ethnic equality, autonomous division, anti-separatism and united front; fourth, since economic reforms, China's ethnic problem is undermined by many issues, with the most symbolic issue being the differences between the Han majority and other ethnic minorities. In the short run, China can be expected to maintain its accommodation policy and continue to encourage minorities within autonomous divisions to provide voluntary consent. However, in the long term, China must look out for new ethnic policies that conform to the country's development.