微區域主義與大圖們江計畫之發展

Micro-regionalism and Its Implications to the Development of Great Tumen Initiative

自1980年代起，全球開始掀起另一波區域主義浪潮，諸如亞太經濟合作等具有「多面性、複雜性、流動性與非一致性」等象徵新區域主義合作進程也在冷戰結束前夕孕育而生，並在地理、文化、社會、歷史與議題內涵範圍等不同面向上，呈現不盡相同的特徵。每個區域合作皆可被視為獨立的整合計畫，而不同的計畫之間同時擁有相同和差異，加深「區域主義」定義的複雜化。微區域主義在後冷戰時期的和緩氛圍中重新出現，以次國家政治實體為主要的推動者，藉由比較利益法則實現成員之見的互補性，開發或利用主要位於跨邊界地帶的關鍵資源，落實區域整合。本文以大圖們江計畫為例，試對微區域主義的概念進行摸索與思考。

The world has undergone another wave of regionalism since the 1980s. Regional cooperation plans that symbolize ''new regionalism'' such as the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation are subsequently introduced after the end of the Cold War. The so called ''new regionalism'' is ''multi-faceted, complicated, changing and differentiated,'' expressing non-identical geographical, cultural, social and historical characteristics and covering different scope of issue. In other words, each cooperation scheme can be seen as an independent plan for integration and different plans have both similarities and differences, which complicate the definition of ''regionalism.'' Micro-regionalism reappeared in the relaxed atmosphere after the end of the Cold War based on subnational political entities as the actors pushing for integration. These entities realize the complementation among members in the region through comparative advantage and development and exploit critical resources in regions along both sides of the border. Using the Great Tumen Initiative as an example, this article examines and reflects on the concept of micro-regionalism.