全球食物體系與人類健康暨公衛危機之關連：分析架構建立之初探

The Global Food System and Public Health: a Framework for Analysis

人類攝取食物以維持生命並保持健康。食物不僅滿足人類之生理需求，亦是文化、歷史、社會環境與權力關係之實踐與展現。追尋食物與飽足是人類社群恆常追求之目標，確保糧食供給穩定更是現代政府能否維持其合法性統治之來源。然而食品體系在全球化的趨勢下，已經產生了巨大的變化。本文首先呈現全球化下食物體系目前的樣貌，並嘗試建立分析架構以釐清造成這些危機出現的癥結點對於人類健康與公衛所造成之衝擊，最後介紹當前全球食品議題的相關治理情形。研究發現，目前食品體系所面臨的兩個危機領域—糧食供給與食品安全—彼此關聯影響；由其所衍生出來的各種問題對人類健康與公共衛生產生嚴重之後果。最後，儘管食品體系對健康所產生的衝擊已然浮現，然而目前全球食品體系中的各種行為者（或相關利益團體）卻沒有把健康當作首要的考量，並且對於此類議題的相關治理與政策制訂亦遠不及問題產生的速度。

Food provides human energy and nutrition and keeps us alive and healthy. The concerns of Food supply and safety have always been on the agenda for all the time and for all people. Under the trend of globalization, the world food system changes accordingly. The purpose of this paper is to construct a framework to connect and to explain the relationship between food system and human health. This paper firstly reviews the formation of the global food system, secondly, examines the causes of the crises and risks of human health which arose from such a system and, lastly introduces the efforts of the international governance on these issues. The framework outlines the direct effects of the food system and the indirect effects of contextual system of human health. We found that, the proposed conceptual framework could serves as the basis of future analysis on the subject, and the variant cases of food related health crisis support the linkage between global food system and human health. Two eminent crises in food system—food security and food safety—are also believed to have the crucial impact on human health.