發展路徑抉擇與全球生產鏈之制約：以印度軟體代工為例

The options on the route to industry development and the restriction of global production chain: the case of the software industry in India

作為新興發展國家，印度發揮其數理邏輯及英語使用優勢，成為歐美各跨國企業軟體服務代工的主力，並躍升為全球軟體科技產業發展的強國。然而，檢視印度的軟體服務產業發展，似乎仍陷入純為代工的生產環節之一，且因無法掌握關鍵的技術或服務行銷的管道，依然被鉗制於全球高科技產業發展「半邊陲」的位階當中。本研究主要探討全球進入科技社會之際，發展中國家能否藉由國家主導產業的強勢力量，促使所謂的發展型國家得以躋身已開發國家之行列，並且嘗試整合依賴理論與世界經濟體系論述，透過結合國內與國際的依附性經濟結構的層次分析，來重新界定印度的軟體代工產業發展脈絡。

Being a late-developing country, India, regardless of her backward infrastructure, has been eager for success through offshore manufacturing in software industry. However, is she able to manage to keep playing her crucial role in the world economy system while facing the competition against other coming late-developing countries? Outsourcing manufacturing and mass production do allow developing countries in the beginning stage enjoy a rich harvest. But to remain their competitiveness, would it be essential for developing countries to undergo the transformation? India still seems to be a semi-peripheral country despite her nearly unparalleled software industry. India remains furthermore being regarded as a segment of the production chain without commanding the key technology along with marketing channel. This article will mainly investigate if the state is capable of dominating the industry development in order to lead the developing country to become a developed one under the circumstances of globalization of the knowledge economy. And if yes, to which extent? An attempt has been made to integrate the world-system theory and dependency theory to examine the thread of the software industry in India through hierarchy analysis on the dependent economy structure.