移民與安全：歐盟移民政策分析

Immigration and Security: An analysis of the EU's immigration policies

近年來移民問題一直困擾著歐盟。歐盟多數的會員國都遭受到移民困擾，雖然各國面對移民的規模、型態與特質上有所不同。本文主要針對「安全」研究與「移民」領域的相互關連性作為切入點，並檢視移民現象對歐洲統合以及國家安全的影響。此項假設植基於移民對歐盟經濟、社會文化與安全領域的衝擊。文章首先討論非傳統安全意涵及其在移民、難民領域上的運用；其次，探討歐洲移民政策「安全化」的發展，焦點集中在歐盟層次移民領域政策的發展與危機處理；第三、藉由區域內地理特徵臨近的國家以及對共同威脅的認知，分析歐盟會員國如何處理國內移民事務，以及如何透過歐盟區域協商處理非法移民、難民、人口販運與走私這類問題。最後則針對歐盟處理移民這類型的安全事務模式作出總結。

Immigration has long been a controversial issue in the European Union (EU). The most of the member states of the EU are faced with the immigration challenges which are resulting from the migratory movements, but the scale, the patterns and the characteristics of migration flows vary significantly across the continent. The paper presents various links between Immigration and security, and examines the phenomenon of migration in the context of the potential influences it may pose to the European Integration and national security. The main predictors of the hypothesis show immigration is perceived as a threat in the economic, security and cultural domains in the EU as a whole. The first part of this article focuses on the concepts of non-traditional security and argues its implication in the field of migration and asylum policies; the second section discusses the securitization of migration policies in the EU, highlighting in what ways risk management strategies in this area; the third outlines regional measures undertaken at the EU level, with the aim at combating immigrants and human trafficking or smuggling; the final part concludes by highlighting in what ways that security model constitutes the main resource for securitizing migration in the EU.