公共廣電、市場競爭與效率：關於BBC前途的論述

Public Broadcasting, Market Competition and Economic Efficiency: Five Discourses on the Future of the BBC

1980年代以來，許多西歐國家的公營事業均已私營化。在這個背景之下，這些國家的公共廣電機構雖遭受挑戰，但仍卻扮演重要角色。為什麼如此？除了廣電事關政治與文化權力，因此各國對公共廣電機構是否應該私營化，採取了較為謹慎的政策以外，本文以英國為例，說明公共廣電機構尚能長存不墜，或許亦有經濟上的重要因素，此即英國政府透過較為嚴格的規範，而貶抑市場競爭，致使公共廣電機構的表現，更為具有經營效率。本文的主要質疑對象是經濟自由主義者，他們認為廣電資源的配用，大致上應該遵循市場機能的要求；本文對廣電經濟的民族主義者，亦有質疑；最後則寄望於廣電國際主義者。

Notwithstanding the prevailing trend of privatisation during the past two decades, public broadcasting institutions in the Western European Countries still play a major role in the ever more commercialising media environment. Other than political and cultural factors, this essays focuses upon the economic dimension to examine why it is so by way of evaluating five main discourses of the future on the BBC. The laissez-faire and nationalist and their variants are questioned, while the internationalist that is most anti-market is endorsed.