商業化風潮中的異幟──引介德國廣電體制中的幾項創意

Beside the Commercial Broadcasting Regulation- Innovations in the German Broadcasting System Shown on Examples

面對全球廣電媒體商業化的風潮，德國廣電立法者一方面企圖爭取當地廣電事業成長茁壯所需的政策條件，藉以繁榮地方經濟活動；另一方面，其受自該國基本法維護意見「多元化」的憲法任務，以及知識界、文藝界賦予廣電媒體強化溝通、豐富文化內涵與帶動社會交流、整合的期待，促使相關決策者不斷嘗試新的管制模式、改革舊有廣電體制，俾使廣電媒體發揮其應有的傳播與社會文化功能。在此一認知之下，本文檢視了德法跨國合作的藝術台ARTE，以及幾項各邦政府在地方廣電體制上所做的具體嘗試，從而歸結出廣電管制在市場競爭的機制之中，仍然有根據其他社會文化政策予以靈活調整的空間。

As response to the boom of commercial broadcasting the german decision makers seek to compete with other countries in providing an 'attractive' enviroment for the private investment. Yet they also try to fulfill their constitutional obligations to secure the pluralism in the broadcasting - in the very understanding of the Federal Constitution Court of Germany. Thus, different models or concepts have been developed in order to create a more promising legal infrastructure in respect of the communicatory and social functions of the broadcasting. The german-franch 'culture channel' ARTE and the regulatory mechanism for the lokal broadcasting in some german 'Laender' are just examples for such efforts. In this aspect the government/market dilemma seems not so absolutly non-resolvable, as it was thought to be.