數位著作授權與合理傳輸－－論權利耗盡原則的新時代意義

Licensing and Reasonable Transmission of Digitize Works - Epochal Application of the Exhaustion Doctrine

數位時代的發展不單是促成網路溝通交流媒介之日新月異，更打破了傳統以有體物作為貿易標的之固有格局。具有數位材質的無體物得以自由流通於電子商務之交易環境。一旦該無體物為著作權法所保護之著作物時，著作權人不僅要面臨不法重製之窘境，更要負擔非法傳輸可能產生之危險。數位著作物之傳輸與實體著作物之散布間，其實於著作權法下存在有不同的意義。前者之情形，縱然為單一著作物之單一對象傳輸，其結果可能因數位物不法重製而衍生複數著作物流通之現象，對於著作權人就著作物市場經營之衝擊，不可謂之不大。進而，影響著作權人於著作權法享有之合法權益。然而，不可否認的，數位環境下之數位物自由流通，與傳統交易相同，實攸關物之自由處分與貿易，乃屬公共利益。於權衡著作權人之保護與著作物之自由流通等相互衝突的利益，在此有疑問者，為傳統權利耗盡原則於數位交易環境下是否仍得繼續適用？應如何調整適用的範圍以因應數位交易環境易於不法重製的慣性？或者，應容任數位著作物之授權條款，取代權利耗盡原則之適用。本文就以上三個問題，予以詳細的剖析。並以對價平衡之法理，重新建構數位時代下著作權之權利耗盡原則。

Under the environment of electronic commerce, intangible objects made of digitalized material are expected to have free transmission. If such objects are protected under copyright law, the copyright owner doesn't only face the threat of unauthorized reproduction, but also the risk of illegal transmission. As a matter of fact, there is substantive difference between the transmission of digitized copies and the distribution of tangible copies in terms of evaluation under copyright law. Even though a single digitized copy was delivered to a single user, the transmission of multicopies possibly spread over the internet due to authorized reproduction, and has negative impacts upon the copyright owner's normal exploitation of the digitized work in the market. It is undeniable that the transmission of digitized copies, like traditional tangible ones, is highly connected with public interest deriving from free trade of goods. In view of the interest balance established upon both copyright protection and free transmission of copyrightable copies, it is concerned if the traditional exhaustion doctrine may be applied under the digitized transactions? Or should the traditional exhaustion doctrine be adjusted to accommodate the environment of electronic commerce where the unauthorized reproduction is rampant? Is it also an alternative under copyright law to implement the copyright licensing clauses in place of the exhaustion doctrine? This article attempts to base upon the jurisprudence of consideration balance to review the application of the exhaustion doctrine in the era of digitized transaction.