張天翼〈包氏父子〉文學特色與文化符號析述

An analysis of the literary features and cultural signs in Zhang Tianyi’s ''Bao and His Son''

張天翼是1930年代重要的小說家，亦為左聯重要代表人物之一，其短篇小說與兒童文學受到大家的讚賞，其中短篇小說以諷刺、幽默筆法見長，本文所研究的〈包氏父子〉更是被譽為張氏短篇小說中的傑作之一。本文歸納〈包氏父子〉的文學特色有三：其一張天翼透過敘事技巧，替故事預留伏筆，也使人物形象更鮮明；其二，詞彙的精確運用；其三，充分發揮諷刺筆法。這些特色都使〈包氏父子〉讓人讀來趣味盎然。進一步分析〈包氏父子〉的文化意義，作品以父子關係為主軸，由此開展出繳交學費、兒子打傷同學被退學等事件。從小說中可以看出中西文化在不同世代所產生的差異，也能看出傳統思想在西方思潮影響下逐漸的崩解。

As an important novelist in the 1930s, Zhang Tianyi is also one of the crucial representatives of League of Left-Wing Writers. His short stories and works for children are widely praised, and some of them well demonstrate Zhang’s skillful use of sarcasm and deployment of humor. In this article, ''Bao and His Son,'' which is regarded as one of the masterpieces of Zhang’s short stories, will be studied is. In general, three literary features can be seen in ''Bao and His Son'': First, Zhang uses narrating skills to implement foreshadowing to make the images of the characters more vivid. Second, Zhang’s vocabulary is accurate. Third, his writing is sarcastic. These features make this story an interesting reading. This article further analyzes the cultural meaning of the story. The main theme is the father-son relationship, which unfolds various events such as paying the tuition, the son getting expelled because of fighting with his classmates. From the story, it can be seen that the cultural difference appears between Chinese and western cultures and between generations and that the traditional ideas gradually collapse under the influence of western thinking.