全球化下的災害治理：以東日本大地震國際救災協力為例

Realizing Disaster Governance in a Globalizing World: A Scrutiny of Disaster Relief Cooperation on the 311 Earthquake

近年來層出不窮的天然巨災嚴重挑戰了國家的緊急災害治理能力，這也使得學界與政策社群開始高度關切國際災害治理或跨部門災害治理模式的研究。不過，相關知識生產方式大多以政策報告或技術報告呈現，較少側重於理論化的探討。就此，本文將以國際救災與減災社群的建構與協作過程為關懷，試圖理論化國際介入、國家回應與公民參與之間的協力連結，並且類型化國際、國家與地方行為者的共同治理模式。同時，藉由回顧東日本大地震的國際救災經驗，本文亦將進一步分析全球災害救援與減災網絡的機會與限制。

Natural disastrous hazards occurred frequently in recent years, seriously challenging the state capacity of emergency governance. Accordingly, attention has been attracted to the study of disaster governance with specific focus on modalities of inter-state and inter-sectoral cooperation. Though there are piles of policy reports and technique reports concerning disaster governance, only few of them are with theoretical features. This article is aimed at theorizing the construction and collaboration of international relief and mitigation community by providing typological analysis on the interconnectedness among international engagement, national involvement and civic participation. Corroborating with the experience of disaster relief during 311 earthquake in Japan, this article tries to highlight the importance of cogovernance initiated and coordinated by multiple actors at international, national, and local level. Meanwhile, the case study of 311 earthquake in Japan will also depict the challenges and opportunities of global networking for disaster relief and mitigation.