探討臺灣毛猪產業生產效率

Investigating the Production Efficiency of Hog Industry in Taiwan

臺灣毛猪產業一直是農業生產的重要指標，所幸臺灣於2020年成功從口蹄疫區回到非口蹄疫疫區，顯示臺灣猪肉將重回猪肉貿易市場，於此之際，實有必要了解臺灣毛猪的生產效率情形，以盡快應對未來持續擴大出口的準備。本研究利用資料包絡分析法（data envelopment analysis）估計國內毛猪產業之生產效率、純粹技術效率以及規模效率，並透過Tobit迴歸分析探討影響國內毛猪產業生產效率之影響因素。研究結果顯示以月生產猪隻頭數為產出變數時，總生產效率為0.569，以每年每頭母猪可供離乳仔猪頭數（per sow per year）為產出變數時，總生產效率為0.655，倘若以月生產猪隻頭數與每年每頭母猪可供離乳仔猪頭數為產出變數時，則總生產效率值也僅達0.755，顯示臺灣毛猪產業整體生產效率仍有很大成長空間。而影響畜牧場總生產效率之主要因素有人力、牧場型態、飼料配方及畜舍設備，亦即越多員工數、保育或肥育場專業化飼養、採用配方料、以及負壓式畜舍都能有效提升畜牧場總生產效率。由於臺灣毛猪產業相對國外大規模生產並不具備成本優勢，唯有有效提升毛猪生產效率，才能有機會與他國相抗衡。

Hog industry in Taiwan has been an important indicator for agricultural production. Taiwan has successfully returned to non-FMD zone in 2020. This means that Taiwanese pork will return to pork trade market. Therefore, it is necessary to understand hog production efficiency in Taiwan for preparing the future expansion in exports. This research adopts the data envelopment analysis (DEA) to estimate the production efficiency, technical efficiency, and scale efficiency. Further, a Tobit regression is adopted to analyze the potential factors that affected the production efficiency in domestic hog industry. Results show that the total production efficiency is about 0.569 if the monthly produced hog number is used as the output variable; while the total production efficiency is about 0.655 if pigs produced per sow per year (PSY) is utilized as the output variable. If the monthly produced hog number and the PSY are used for the output variables, then the total production efficiency can only reach up to 0.755. This reveals that the production efficiency of hog industry in Taiwan still has room to be improved. However, the major factors to affect the total production efficiency are labor sources, types of farm operation, feed formula, and livestock building facilities. This means that more workers, either adopting nursery production or adopting finishing production pig farms, formula feed adoption, and negative pressure ventilation building system would enhance the total production efficiency. Since the hog industry in Taiwan does not get much cost advantage, only effectively improve the hog production efficiency will have a chance to compete other major hog producing countries.