臺灣實施強制性農業保險可行性之研究──以水稻險為例

A Study on Compulsoriness for Agricultural Insurance in Taiwan--A Case of Rice Insurance

臺灣獨特的地理位置成了各種天然災害侵襲的地區之一，面對威力逐次加劇的災害侵襲，國內的農業損失也越加嚴重，已讓政府天然災害救助金的補助遠不足以填補農業損失金額。因此，自2015年起政府開始試辦農作物保險，期望給予農民更高的保障、穩定農民的經濟能力與生活。本文研究標的為目前最大宗農作物─水稻，配合現行業者開發的「水稻區域收穫農作物保險」保單作為研究對象，在採取「強制性」、「以天然災害救助金預算作為保費補助」兩大原則下，探討當保障程度以及基本純費率的變動對保險公司、農民與政府三者之間的影響。研究結果發現，現行保單的保障程度過低，建議可以透過提高保障程度、降低理賠門檻，增加農民們的保障。研究結果亦提供保險公司在只收取附加費用的情況下，提高保障程度與降低基本純費率，則有助於更降低農民負擔的成本。本研究為第一篇試算臺灣農業保險強制性投保的文章，冀望此研究分析結果有助於政府未來政策之擬訂。

Taiwan's geographical location makes it highly prone to natural disasters which result in mounting agricultural losses for which the government is poorly equipped to compensate farmers. Beginning in 2015, the government began to trial a crop insurance, scheme to provide farmers with increased economic security and stability. This paper studies the impact of a compulsory insurance scheme with government subsidized premiums on producers of rice, Taiwan's most important staple crop, in terms of changes of the balance of protection and basic net premiums for insurance companies, farmers and the government. The study found that the current policy provides insufficient protection to farmers, and suggests reducing the threshold for claims. The study also suggests means by which insurers can increase protection while reducing basic net rates through the use of additional fees, thus reducing the overall cost to farmers. This study represents the first formal inquiry into compulsory agricultural insurance in Taiwan, and the results can provide a useful reference for future policy formulation.