帆足萬里《入學新論》的儒教觀

The View on Confucianism of Hoashi Banri in the Nyugakushinron

帆足萬里，日本德川時代的政治、思想人物，其著作不少，尤其是《入學新論》，古賀侗庵稱之為：「思孟以來，無是書也。」本文擬分成四個部分對此書進行討論：首先，簡介帆足萬里的為人、著作等；其次，主要依據元田竹溪〈序〉，而論述《入學新論》在萬里學術上的地位；接著則探討《入學新論》中所見的儒教觀；最後為結論。萬里在《入學新論》中，雖然承認佛教在庶民教育上的意義，但佛教只不過是「權教」；相對而言，儒教則是「以教君子，明倫理，正政令」，而「以畏天命為主，行仁為極」的「彝倫之道」，所以萬里視其為「正教」。由此可見，《入學新論》較為強調儒教的「人倫」、「倫理」方面，此處可見帆足萬里作為一位政治家的真面目。

Hoashi Banri was a political and ideological figure of the Tokugawa era in Japan who produced numerous works, one of which, Nyugakushinron, is considered a masterpiece. Koga Toan stated, ''Since Zisi and Mengzi, there is no such book.'' This article is divided into four parts to discuss Nyugakushinron. The first part introduces the person and his works about Hoashi Banri. The second part mainly discusses the academic position of Nyugakushinron in Banli's academy based on the Preface by Motoda Chikukkei. This is followed by an exploration of the view on Confucianism in Nyugakushinron. The last part is my conclusion. In the Nyugakushinron, although Banri acknowledges the significance of Buddhism in educating people, he states that Buddhism is only a 'temporary education'. Conversely, Banri sees Confucianism as a 'method of morality' that can 'guide Junzi, reveal ethics, correct politics', and 'emphasize fear of Tianming and do Ren'. Thus, he regards it as 'orthodox education'. This shows how Nyugakushinron emphasizes the ethical side of Confucianism, which highlights the true face of Banri as a politician.