中國跆拳道裁判員品勢比賽執裁標準現狀研究

Research on the current situation of Chinese taekwondo referees' judging standards in the Poomsae competition

跆拳道過去大部分都是針對技術動作、技戰術分析運用等進行研究，對於品勢比賽及裁判的狀況分析較少，往往執裁者的評分標準對比賽結果有很大的影響。目的：分析目前中國跆拳道裁判在過程中如何扣分，判罰尺度是否合理，是否會受性別、地域、裁判等級等因素的制約，為教練員和選手在訓練與比賽中提供參考，並對裁判員提出相應的發展對策與建議。研究方法：選取中國 (華東、華中、華南、華北、西北、西南、東北、港澳) 共248位裁判，運用問卷調查法、並對回收的問卷進行整理及系統性分析。研究結果：跆拳道裁判男性居多，占87.1%；年齡集中在20-29歲，占50.81%；地域分佈集中在華東地區，占39.92%；職業主要為跆拳道教練員，占85.89%；裁判等級二級或以上占53.63%；執裁4年或以上的占56.45%；不同地域的裁判員在動作均衡性、是否要發氣聲、對於熟悉的參賽者是否會減少扣分、步法、手臂、腿法等動作的判罰上認知較為平均；對於扣分判罰尺度較為主觀。結論：中國跆拳道裁判主要由年輕且體能較好的男性組成，集中在華東地區且大多從事跆拳道教練員工作。雖地域分佈不均衡，但在準確性判罰尺度上較為統一，然而在減少扣分因素上，各地區差異明顯。東北、港澳地區較少關注禮儀禮節，華北地區對動作正確性和動作表現性的扣分差異較大，華東地區扣分較統一，整體執裁品質尚可。

 

In the past, most taekwondo studies were conducted on the analysis and application of technical movements and techniques and tactics. However, there were few analyses on the situation of taekwondo matches and referees, and the referee’s criteria often had a great impact on the results of the matches. Purpose: This paper analyzes the current situation of the referee in taekwondo competitions in different regions of China, provides reference for coaches and players in training and competitions, and puts forward corresponding development countermeasures and suggestions for referees. Methods: 248 referees from China (East China, Central China, South China, North China, northwest China, southwest China, Northeast China, Hong Kong and Macao) were used to conduct questionnaire survey, and the collected questionnaires were sorted out and systematically analyzed. Results: The majority of taekwondo judges were male, accounting for 87.1%; The age group was 20-29 years old, accounting for 50.81%. The geographical distribution is concentrated in east China, accounting for 39.92%. The main occupation was taekwondo coach, accounting for 85.89%. 53.63% of the judges have grade 2 or above; The number of years of execution or above is 56.45%; Judges in different regions had average cognition on the balance of movements, whether to make a sound, whether to reduce penalty points for familiar competitors, pace, arm and leg movements, etc. The penalty yardstick for deduction is more subjective. Conclusion: Chinese Taekwondo judges are mainly young men with good physical ability, concentrated in East China and most of them are Taekwondo coaches. Although the geographical distribution is not balanced, the accuracy of the penalty scale is relatively uniform, but in the reduction of the penalty factors, the regional differences are obvious. Northeast China, Hong Kong and Macao pay less attention to etiquette and etiquette. North China has a great difference in the deduction of correctness and expression of movements. East China has a unified deduction, and the overall quality of judging is acceptable.