歷史修正主義與新民族主義：日本修改教科書爭議的政治效應

Historical Revisionism and Neo-nationalism: The Political Impact of Textbook Controversies in Japan

歷史修正主義是後現代的文化現象，原本是學術研究的一種方法或觀點，但在二十世紀末以後卻被刻意誤用，尤其是民族主義者變本加厲的操弄，結果不但模糊了歷史的真相，也使國際關係變得更複雜。本文先以日本修改歷史教科書所引起的爭議為例，闡釋歷史修正主義一詞的意義、起源，以及當今人們的誤用，然後再以「南京大屠殺」和「慰安婦」等歷史遺留的問題為例，分析歷史修正主義與民族主義的合流，藉此解釋困擾中日關係的因素。國際關係固然複雜，但是若能摒棄民族主義的偏見，歷史的「事實」還是可以重建，不會只是一種「觀點」。

Historical revisionism is a phenomenon of in post-modern world culture. It was originally a methodology or a viewpoint, which is adopted by scholars in the field of history. However, its purposive misinterpretation by nationalists has caused not only confusions between facts and falsehood, but also a deterioration of relationships among Asian states since the late 20th century. This article starts with the common misunderstanding, and as a result the misuse of 'historical revisionism'. Both the 'Nanking Massacre' and the 'Comfort Women', two unsolved historical issues within the Sino-Japanese diplomacy, are also included in this discussion. The paper points out that it is possible to develop a clear picture of what is so called historical 'truth' if we go beyond the nationalist partiality.