歐盟地中海政策

EU's Mediterranean Policy

地中海是歐盟對外關係中優先發展地區之一。此一關係奠基於歷史淵源及文化的臍帶關係，特別是殖民地與母國（法國、英國）之間的關係。此外，也有政治、戰略以及經濟各層面考量。自冷戰以來，歐盟地中海政策的制訂就有強烈的軍事戰略與地緣政治考量，並進而強調雙邊的經貿往來與文化交流。本文以歐盟對外關係之地中海政策發展作為研究主軸，旨在闡述歐盟－地中海夥伴關係之演變。文章首先敘述歐體／歐盟自七十年代以來地中海政策之演變，特別就一九九五年巴賽隆納高峰會議後建立的雙邊及多邊合作框架進行分析。其次，自地中海兩岸歷史互動過程中所衍生的問題與爭議，從地緣政治、經貿關係以及文化交流等三個面向進行檢視。最後，作出總結，展望歐盟－地中海夥伴關係之長期發展。

This paper presents the main parameters of the debate on Euro-Mediterranean regional policy and examines the evolution of the so-called Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. First, the former European Community (EC)/EU Mediterranean policies since the 1970s will be described, in particular the Euro-Mediterranean bilateral and multilateral cooperation officially launched at the Barcelona Conference in November 1995. The second part is a review of important geo-political, economic, and cultural issues in the Mediterranean region. Finally, the possibility of establishing a Mediterranean partnership will be discussed, focusing on long-term issues.