歐盟尼斯條約評析

An Analysis of Nice Treaty

決定歐洲聯盟法政秩序之三部曲：馬斯垂克條約、阿姆斯特丹條約及尼斯條約密集於十年中完成並生效，成為歐洲統合最重要之歷史轉捩時期。而此刻歐盟會員國甫又擬定歐洲憲法草案，旨在修改及簡化上述三條約。在歐洲統合深化／廣化的辯證中，每次歐盟之擴大皆是其深化之刺激因；而尼斯條約主要即在修改歐盟決策機制及機構改革，以因應東歐候選國即將加入之新局。屬修約性質且剛生效的尼斯條約之決策程序設計將至少運作到二○○九年底，尼斯條約甫生效，會員國便進入「後尼斯」準備時期以謀求東擴後的歐盟「整體」方向。本文先了解尼斯條約針對所決作機構改革之主要內涵，再依政府間主義之若干論點解析主要行為者在條約談判期間依議題連結或策略聯盟之個別或集體投入，共分六大面向如：急擴派與緩擴派之共識、德法之爭議與角力、大國與小國之抗衡、英國之務實主義及超國家機構參與等面向，以分析尼斯條約之形成因素。結論部分將綜觀尼斯條約之動態談判過程及結果，分析其特點。

In the past decade, the member states of the European Union (EU) have accomplished the tripartite integration, constructing the EU's political and economic order: Maastricht Treaty, Amsterdam Treaty, and Nice Treaty newly enforced. In the debate on the widening/deepening of the EU, the perspective of further enlargement (widening) acted as the main catalyzer of the deepening. Nice Treaty can serve as a good example of this logic of integration: institutional reform and communautarizing decision-making process (deepening) before Eastern enlargement. This article attempts to explain the implications of the Nice Treaty and to analyse the input of certain major member states, issue linkage, strategic coalition among small member states, and the participation of suprational institutions during the process of bargaining and negotiation using the intergovernmentalist approach. In conclusion, the characteristics and deficiencies of the Nice Treaty, as well as the intergovernmentalist assumptions, will be examined.