建構寺廟—日治時期地方經濟與宗教統合政策：以1930 年代土庫順天宮改建為例

Constructing Spiritual Power: Religion, Legitimacy and Colonial Government at the Tuku Mazu Templein Taiwan, 1930s

雲林縣縣定古蹟土庫順天宮曾於1935年至1938年期間進行改建。為解釋1935年土庫順天宮為何有機會進行改建，同時，為釐清是次改建最大的贊助單位「鐘毓社」與土庫順天宮的關係，本文透過文獻、檔案耙梳，並參考既有研究成果，討論說明日治時期土庫市街及其周遭聚落的整體經濟發展與寺廟政策，進而解釋順天宮是次改建在臺灣日治後期寺廟建築史上之代表意義。研究發現，日治初期的土庫市街曾經蕭條，不過在1927年嘉南大圳濁幹線通水後，土庫市街的經濟狀況連同周邊聚落一併好轉。隨著1930年代周邊聚落興起的一波寺廟建築風潮，配合土庫庄將執行的市區改正，以及當時盤點史蹟、培養鄉土意識潮流，並在容認「正信」的儒教統合政策前提下，得以在1935年起進行改建。改建後於順天宮內新增文昌殿，乃繼承清領時期大崙腳庄「鍾毓社」祠的文昌祭祀。「鍾毓社」即「鐘毓社」，在土庫順天宮內重興，可視為儒教神祇祭祀受到殖民政策鼓勵的表徵。

 

Tuku Mazu Temple, a county-level historical site in Yunlin County, was reconstructed from 1935 to 1938. By compiling literature and primary sources and also referencing preexisting research results, this study explains how the then-contemporary opportunity for the reconstruction presented itself and clarifies the relationship between the temple and Zhong Yu Society, which served as the primary sponsors of the reconstruction. This paper discusses the overall economic development and temple policies in Tuku Township and its surrounding regions during the Japanese colonial period and clarifies the cruciality of the Tuku Mazu Temple’s reconstruction in the history of temple architecture during the late-period Japanese colonial administration of Taiwan. Our findings revealed that Tuku was economically disadvantaged during early Japanese rule. However, its economic condition, along with those of its surrounding regions, improved after the completion of the Zhuoshui River irrigation channel of Kanan Irrigation System in 1927. Following the rise of contemporary trends in temple architecture in the surrounding regions in the 1930s, the urban district of Tuku was rebuilt. Subsequently, under the Japanese government’s policies to integrate Confucian values, which tolerated orthodox Confucian values, the rise in demand for constructing local historical sites to foster local consciousness induced the start of reconstruction for the Tuku Mazu Temple in 1935. After the reconstruction, Wenchang Hall was constructed in the temple to transmit to future generations the tradition of Wenchang Sacrifice, a tradition started by Zhong Yu Society in Daluenjiao Village during Qing rule. The reemergence of the Zhong Yu Society in Tuku Mazu Temple signified the support of Confucian worship under Japanese colonial policy.