從後共波蘭國會大選探討其政治穩定性

Political Stability and the 2001 parliamentary Election in Post-Communist Poland

本文從二○○一年波蘭國會選舉後的國會政黨體系切入，從選舉制度與社會因素探討後共波蘭的多黨政黨體系特色。並以府會關係、總統權力大小及國會政黨體系等三個半總統制的主要運作變項，觀察波蘭民主化後的政治穩定狀況。在「總理－總統制」的制度設計下，一個擁有總統權力小的憲政設計較能排除非制度性因素對制度運作的影響，即使面臨多黨的政黨體系，亦能於府會不一致時有效發揮制度的制約力量而不致發生過於嚴重的政治僵局。此點或可提供實施半總統制的台灣在進行修憲之時的借鏡。

From the point of view of the electoral system and social factors, this article discusses the characteristics of multi-party political system in Poland after the 2001 parliamentary election. Examining three frameworks for analysis-namely the relationship between president and parliament, the power of the president, and the system of the political parties in the parliament, this essay discusses political stability in Poland after democratization. With weak presidential power, the premier-presidential system can be easier to rule out the influence of uninstitutional factor even though in multi-party political system. Also, the premier-president can effectively prevent political deadlock in cases of president-parliament discrepancy.