「風格」的根源──由Gropius／GSD教育回溯

Idea of “Style” -- Tracing Gropius/GSD Education from its Origin

哈佛GSD教育在華爾特．葛羅佩斯（Gropius, W.）於1937－1952年擔任主任期間，發展出一個系統性的教育邏輯；這教育系統將美國建築教育由布雜（Beaux-Arts）傳統帶向現代化。猶如葛羅佩斯在1919年創立包浩斯一樣，「未來」的想像成為偉大的理想，但這「未來」在進入1960年之後成了被攻擊的內容。葛羅佩斯引領的哈佛建築教育主張，被許多評論者認定為是現代主義中「國際風格」的推手，並被指摘為應該為現代城市發展的失敗擔負責任。本文章對於葛羅佩斯GSD教育中的內容做檢視，並回溯葛羅佩斯在包浩斯（Bauhaus）時期的教育及思想。其結論在於還原葛羅佩斯GSD教育的基礎並非建立在形態「風格」為引導的思想價值，而是基礎於當代社會的真實需要。

Walter Gropius, founder of Bauhaus, served as chairman of GSD/Harvard from 1937 to 1952 and developed an education program which converted American architectural education from its traditional Beaux-Arts root to modernism. However this change was not fully appreciated; GSD/Harvard architectural education was attached as propagator of “ international style”, which was considered by many critics to be responsible for the failure of modern city development. This article offers a full examination of Gropius educational schemes in GSD and traced back Gropius’ education mind-set from Bauhaus period. It concludes that Gropius’ education was not as purported “style” orientated; rather it was based on social need.