中國大陸營商環境破產「回收率」指標的提升路徑問題

Issues on the Ways to Improve the Insolvency “Recovery Rate” Index of Doing Business in Mainland China

破產「回收率」是世界銀行營商環境「辦理破產」指標中的二級指標，占據50%的得分權重。依據世行評價體系，破產債權人回收率的高低取決於破產程序的時間、成本、資產零散出售還是存續經營、債權回收率等因素。「回收率」指標不同於同樣作為二級指標的「破產框架力度指數」，無法透過修改法律在短期內迅速提高，但可透過司法解釋或司法政策予以引導。針對中國大陸破產審判專業化、管理人分級和破產案件分類制度等方面的不足，可從不同角度採取相應的措施促進破產審判專業化、提高辦理破產案件的質量和效率、減少企業破產成本，以此來優化中國大陸破產「回收率」指標的得分狀況。

The insolvency “recovery rate” is the secondary indicator of the “Resolving Insolvency” indicator in the World Bank’s Doing Business, which occupies 50% of the scoring weights. According to the World Bank’s evaluation system, the recovery rate of insolvency creditors depends not only on the time, but the cost and the recovery rate of debt. In addition, whether the assets are sold in pieces or going concern is also of great importance. The “recovery rate” indicator is different from the “strength of insolvency framework index”, which is also a secondary indicator. It cannot be quickly improved in a short time by modifying the Bankruptcy Law, but it can be guided by judicial interpretation or judicial policy. As for the shortcomings in the specialization of bankruptcy trial, the classification of administrators and bankruptcy cases in mainland China, the countermeasures shall be taken to promote the professionalization of bankruptcy trials from different perspectives,to improve the quality and efficiency of resolving bankruptcy cases, and to reduce the cost of insolvency enterprises. In those ways above, the scores of insolvency “recovery rate” index could be improved in mainland China.