月旦知識庫
 
  1. 熱門:
 
首頁 臺灣期刊   法律   公行政治   醫事相關   財經   社會學   教育   其他 大陸期刊   核心   重要期刊 DOI文章
問題與研究 本站僅提供期刊文獻檢索。
  【月旦知識庫】是否收錄該篇全文,敬請【登入】查詢為準。
最新【購點活動】


篇名
德國公民投票制度的發展
並列篇名
The Development of Plebiscite and Referendum in Germany
作者 湯紹成
中文摘要
與其他歐洲先進國家相比較,德國的民主經驗比較短暫。雖然如此,一九一九年的威瑪憲法卻是當時一部相當民主的憲法,創制與複決權的納入也是其主要的原因之一。不幸的,當時威瑪時代的民主條件不夠成熟,使得直接民權的效果弊多於利,終於形成獨裁。希特勒掌權之後,更是濫用公民投票,以助長他獨裁的氣焰,對內鞏固其權力,對外進行擴張,結果造成了德國的戰敗與極為重大的創傷。基於獨裁與戰敗的痛苦經驗,在戰後的西德制憲會議中,各方均極力反對全國性公民投票,以至於未納入西德基本法,只有幾個邦的憲法中有相關的規定。以各政黨而言,比較保守的基民盟與基社盟堅決反對公投,自民黨與社民黨居中,部分贊成部分反對,而綠黨與民社黨則極力贊成。直到一九九○年統一之後,德國再度擁有完整的主權,直接民主的聲音才逐漸擴大。雖然如此,基於修憲的三分之二高門檻,公投入憲的可能性尚低。
英文摘要
Compared to that of other European democratic countries, the German democratic experience is rather short. Although the 1919 Weimar Constitution is rather democratic due to its referendum and initiative clause, the democratic system in the Weimar Republic is rather unstable. Thus, there are more disadvantages than advantages regarding its direct democracy. Hitler abused the plebiscite to strengthen his position as well as to carry out his expansionistic policies. These plebiscites thus helped lead to Germany's declaration of war and the subsequent heavy damage to the German nation. Due to bitter wartime experiences, most assemblymen of the Parliamentary Council oppose constitutionalizing the nationwide plebiscite and referendum. Only several German Laender have relevant regulations in their constitutions. The major German political parties have different opinions on plebiscite and referendum. CDU/CSU basically opposes this kind of direct democracy due to negative historical expierences. The FDP and SPD are partially against it because they still value the spirit of direct democracy while The Greens and the successor party of the SED-the PDS-are fully in favor. There are several plebiscite proposals by the opposition parties during the cold war era but all have been unsuccesful. The voice in favor of the direct democracy was not loud until German reunification occurred in 1990.Despite the above, the 2/3rds quorum necessary to pass constitution amendments makes it rather impossible to constitutionalize direct democracy in Germany.
起訖頁 33-43
關鍵詞 威瑪憲法公民投票人民創制人民複決民意諮詢德國基本法Weimar ConstitutionplebisciteinitiativereferendumGerman Basci Law
刊名 問題與研究  
期數 199903 (38:3期)
出版單位 國立政治大學國際關係研究中心
該期刊-上一篇 從歐盟移民政策決策過程談自由派政府間主義
該期刊-下一篇 「亞太安全合作理事會」下的海事安全合作
 

新書閱讀



最新影音


優惠活動




讀者服務專線:+886-2-23756688 傳真:+886-2-23318496
地址:臺北市館前路28 號 7 樓 客服信箱
Copyright © 元照出版 All rights reserved. 版權所有,禁止轉貼節錄